References
The research and regulatory sources behind the figures used across sambal.work. Every citation on the site links back to its entry here.
Figures are industry and research estimates reported by the sources below. They are not sambal.work results, and this page is not legal or financial advice — state rules can differ, so please check with your own adviser.
Workforce & employment (PLFS)
61.6 crore persons aged 15+ were employed in 2025; 20.2% in casual employment. PLFS Annual Report 2025, MoSPI (PIB), 27 Mar 2026.
Attrition (Deloitte)
India Inc attrition was 17.6% in 2025, up from 17.4% in 2024. Deloitte India Talent Outlook 2026.
Absenteeism (VoxDev)
~11% average daily absenteeism (up to 20% on some days) in Indian garment factories. Adhvaryu et al. (2024), VoxDev.
Informal lending rates (MFIN–NCAER)
Informal moneylender rates: an APR of 97%–178% a year. MFIN–NCAER, “Assessing the Effectiveness of Regulated Small Borrowing in India”, 2026, Executive Summary (p. 9). Read the study
Unorganised workforce (e-Shram)
31.89 crore unorganised workers registered on the e-Shram portal as of August 2026, five years after launch. Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India.
Gig workforce growth (NITI Aayog)
India's gig workforce is projected to grow from about 77 lakh in 2020–21 to 2.35 crore by 2029–30, reaching 6.7% of the non-agricultural workforce. NITI Aayog, 'India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy', 2022.
Digital lending regulation (RBI)
Reserve Bank of India (Digital Lending) Directions, 2025, issued 8 May 2025 (rbi.org.in).
Contract labour law (OSH Code)
OSH Code, 2020 (in force since 21 Nov 2025) now governs contract workers in place of the CLRA Act, 1970, applying from 50 contract workers; principal employer is primarily responsible. Central rules notified 8 May 2026; state rules may differ.
ESIC coverage
ESIC covers employees earning up to ₹21,000/month; contribution 3.25% (employer) + 0.75% (employee). esic.gov.in.